动词的形态

1、三单:用于一般现在时,当主语为第三人称单数,动词结尾要加ses等构成三单形式。

Like -->> likes

2、过去式:用于一般过去时,规则动词在结尾加ed ,不规则需要记忆。

Like -->> liked、Go -->> went

3、过去分词:用于完成时,规则动词在结尾加ed ,不规则需要记忆。

like -->> liked、Go -->> gone

4、现在分词:用于进行时,在动词结尾加ing

Go -->> going、Think -->> thinking

时态

一般现在时

格式

主语 + 动词原型(注意三单)

用法

1、表示习惯,经常做的事情

I drink coffee everyday.我每天喝咖啡

He goes to the beach on Sundays.他每周日去海滩

2、表示事实

I want it. 我想要这个

She wants it. 她想要这个

Cathy works as a teacher. 凯西是老师

It is good. 这个很好

You sing very well. 你唱的非常好

Water boils at 100 degrees.水在100度沸腾

现在进行时

格式

主语 + am/is/are + V-ing

用法

1、表示此刻正在发生的事情

I’m learning English now. 我正在学英语。

I am drinking coffee right now. 我正在喝咖啡。

We are having breakfast. 我们正在吃早餐。

It is raining outside. 外面正在下雨。

2、表示近期内正在发生的事情

He is learning to play the guitar. 我在学吉他。

We are working on this project. 我们正在努力的做这个项目。

3、表示当前正在发生的改变

English lessons on Jack are becoming very popular these days. 杰克的英语课这段时间越来越火了。

The price of crude oil is increasing rapidly. 原油价格正在快速的涨。

Scientists say that the Earth is getting warmer. 科学家说全球正在变暖。

一般过去时

格式

主语 + 动词过去式

用法

表示过去已经结束的事情,时间是过去的时间。

I played football with my friends last Sunday. 上周日,我和朋友踢足球了。

He gave us a present for our wedding. 在婚礼上,他给了我一个礼物。

We received the book this morning. 早上我收到了书。

My dad built the house in 2016. 我爸爸在2016年建了这所房子。

I lived in Beijing for 2 years. 我们曾在北京住了两年。

过去进行时

主语 + was/were + V-ing

1、过去某个时间点正在发生的事情。

I was learning English two years ago. 两年前我正在学英语。

I was having breakfast at 8:00 yesterday morning. 昨天早.上八点我正在吃早餐。

2、过去的某个动作背景下,仍然持续在发生的事情。

I was having dinner with my friends when the doorbell rang. 我们正在吃晚餐,门铃响了。

It was raining when he left for work. 他下班的时候正在下雨。

3、过去的某个动作背景下,被打断的事情。

The power run out while the children were studying. 孩子们正在学习,突然停电了。

While we were waiting for at the bus stop,we saw a car accident. 我们正在等车,突然看见了车祸。(检查未报错)

while we waited at the bus stop, we are seeing a car accident.(用Gramara检查报错),正确的:While we waited at the bus stop, we saw a car accident.

现在完成时

主语 + have/has + 动词(过去分词)

1、表示完成的事情或行为(只强调动作的完成,不说出具体的完成时间,但说的人知道完成的时间大概是在过去的什么时候)。

I have finished my homework. (时间不重要,关键是做完了)我完成作业了。

Arthur has lost his glasses. 亚瑟丢了眼镜。

The police have arrested a young man. 警察逮捕了一个年轻男子。

2、说明经历(时间是持续的或不间断的),类似于1,不强调具体的时间。

I have taught too many students. 我教过很多学生。

Jim has visited France four times. 吉姆去过法国四次。

We have seen two movies this week. 这周我看过两场电影。

过去完成时

格式

主语 + had + 动词(过去分词)

用法

过去发生了两个动作,先发生的那个动作(并且完成)用过去完成时,另一个用一般过去时。

When I came home, she had already left. 当我回家的时候,她已经离开了。

I When I came home, she left. 当我回家的时候,她离开了。

When we got to the theater, the movie had started. 当我们去电影院的时候,电影已经开始了。

I was sick because I had eaten too much last night. 我有点恶心,应为我昨晚吃的太多了。

The girl looked very familiar, I had seen her somewhere before. 这个女孩看起来非常面熟,我以前在哪见过她。

现在完成进行时

格式

主语 + have/has been + V-ing

用法

表示动作开始于过去,且到现在还在持续。

I have been learning English for three years. 我已经学习英语3年了。

I have been waiting for to see the doctor for two hours. 我已经等了医生两小时了。

He has been playing tennis since he was a child. 当他还是小孩的时候,就已经在打网球了。

She has been learning English for eight months. 她已经学习英语有八个月了。

We have been living in this town for a very long time. 我们在这个小镇住了很长时间了。

It has been raining all morning. 整个早上都在下雨。

过去完成进行时

格式

主语 + had been + V-ing

用法

两个过去发生的事情,先发生的事情如果还没有结束,仍然在继续,用过去完成进行时。如果结束,用过去完成时。

I felt really tired because I had been driving all day. 我感到非常疲倦,因为我整天都在开车。

She had been waiting for two hours when the doctor finally arrived. 她等了两小时,医生终于来了。

The ground was wet because it had been raining. 地面是湿的,因为一直在下雨。

一般将来时

格式

  1. Going to :计划或意向(时间不确定),主语+ am/is/are +going to +动词原型
  2. 用于时间确定好的计划(时间确定),主语+am/is/are+动词( -ing )
  3. 主语+will+动词原型

用法

1、发生在将来的事情;

I’m going to buy a car. 我要去买辆车。

I am going to start exercising regularly. 我准备开始按时锻炼身体。

He is going to take a vacation. 我打算去度假。

We are going to get married this year. 我们计划今年结婚。

2、预测;

I am buying a car tomorrow. 我明天要买辆车。

I am getting married on Oct.10th. 我要在10月10号结婚。

I am having lunch with my parents on Sunday. 周日我要和父母一起吃饭。

We are flying to Beijing the day after tomorrow. 我们准备在后天飞回北京。

3、用于立刻下的决定,付出,帮助,承诺。

May I take your order? 请问要点什么?

Yes, I will have the burger, please. 我要点份汉堡(点餐不需要计划几天或几星期,马上就能决定)。

The phone is ringing. 电话在响 I will get it. 我马上去接。

These files are ready heavy这些文件太重了。I will help you with them. 我帮你拿(提供帮助)。

It' s hard to get a cab at this hour. 这个点很难打到车 I will give you a ride home. 我带你回家。

Can you lend me 200 dollars? I will pay you back next week. 你能借我200美元吗?我下周还你(承诺)。

Thank you for your email. We will respond within two business days. .感谢您的邮件,我们会在两个工作日内回复您。(承诺)。

注意:做出预测用will + 动词原型 或 going to,但will多用于我们常识中的预测,我们的个人观点,Going to用于基于当前某些事的预测。

I think Spain will win the 2018 world cup. 我觉得西班牙会赢得2018年世界杯。

You should watch this movie. I' m sure you will love it. 你应该看这部电影, 我确定你会喜欢。

Look at the sky, it’ S going to rain soon.看这天,要下雨了。

Mom is going to be really happy when she sees my grades.妈妈看了我的成绩一定会非常开心。

将来进行时

格式

主语 + will be + V-ing

用法

表示在将来持续发生的动作

At 11 A.M.,I will be driving to Beijing. 在11点,我那时正在开车去北京。

I will be learning English tomorrow. 明天我会在学英语。

Do you want to come with us to the movie on Sunday evening? 周日晚上你愿意和我们看电影吗? I can' t, I will be working until late at night. 不行,我那天晚上要加班很晚。

将来完成时

格式

主语+will have +动词过去分词

用法

假设,预期的动作在将来的某个时间会完成。现在存钱,每个月存200,现在是10月,到了12月,会存400。

By December,I will have saved 400RMB. 到12月, 我将会存到400元。(强调的是结果,存了400元,已经结束)

By next year,I will have finished my project. 到了明年,我会完成我的项目。

将来完成进行时

格式

主语 + will have been + V-ing

用法

假设,预期的动作在将来的某个时间没有完成,还在继续。

I will have been working on this project for 10 months by next year. 到明年,我已经在这个项目上工作10个月了。、

By December, I will have been saving money for six months. 到12月,我已经存钱有6个月了。(强调的是时间,但还在继续)

By December, I will have saved 400RMB. 到12月, 我将会存到400元。

By 5 P.M., we will have painted the living room. 到了5点,我会漆完客厅。

By 5 P.M., we will have been painted the living room for 5 hours. 到了5点,我漆客厅要有5小时了。

总结

动作状态现在过去将来
一般一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时
进行现在进行时过去进行时将来进行时
完成现在完成时过去完成时将来完成时
完成进行现在完成进行时过去完成进行时将来完成进行时