段落结构

• 一、引出话题（ +图画/表描述、谚语说明、个人观点）
• 二、阐释话题（原因后果、对立观点、举例论证）
• 三、个人评论+建议措施+憧憬未来

第一段

（一）话题引起

1、人们逐步意识到……

There is a growing/expanding/decreasing national/global/local awareness of ...

2010.12 高校排名的现象：

There is a growing national awareness of the phenomenon of University ranking in the contemporary society(in the contemporarily).

2、过去几年见证了这样一个社会状况……

The past several years have witnessed a social situation/phenomenon that ...

2017.06 在国内上大学还是出国读书：

The past several years have witnessed a social situation that an increasing number of high school students would like to study abroad after graduation.

3、近来，……的问题引起了公众的广泛关注：

Recently, the problem of ... has aroused wide concern among the public.

2014.12 大量的误导人的网络信息：

Recently/in the recent, the problem of fake or misleading information on the internet has aroused wide/deep/great concern among the public.

4、所有人都注意到这样一个事实，……在中国已经成了一个普遍现象。

Nobody could have failed to notice the fact that ... has become a popular/prevalent phenomenon in China.

2016.06 E-learning：

Nobody could have failed to notice the fact that e-learning has become a popular phenomenon in China.

5、近来……经常登上报纸的头条，引起了公众的热烈讨论。（★★★★★）

Recently, it often hits the headlines of newspaper that ... which has aroused a heated discussion among the public.

2018.06 处理医患关系雇主雇员关系/商家和客户之间的关系：

Recently, it often hits the headlines of newspaper that the conflict between A and B becomes increasingly serious, which has aroused a heated discussion among the public.(doctors and patients / employer and employee)

演练

1 、2016.06 网课和线下课程行。

The past several years have witnessed a social situation that online education becomes increasingly popular.

2、2016.06 虚拟世界的沟通和真实世界的沟通交流。

Recently(In recent years), it often hits the headlines of newspaper that an increasing number of young people spend too much time on electronic contact, which has aroused a heated discussion among the public.

（二）图画描述

1、正如图片所生动展示的……

As is vividly shown in the picture ....

2、图画象征性地展示了……

It is symbolically presented in the drawing that ...

3、这是一幅简单却有启发性的图画，在这幅画里……（★★★★★）

There is simple but enlightening picture, in which ...

4、某人/某物正在做某事，看起来十分怎么样……（具体的动作图画描述）

Somebody/Something is/are doing something, who/which looks very + adj. .

5、某人/某物在哪里做什么（动作一），做什么（动作二）和做什么（动作三）

地点+动作——+某人/某物, doing something(伴随状语-动作二) and doing something(动作三).

演练

1、2014.12 学习是否有捷径

A librarian is sitting behind the reception desk, who looks very angry.

2、2014.12 雇主应看中雇员的什么品质

In front of the job seeker stands a recruiter, holding his resume and saying "no" to the graduate.

3、2014.12 现代技术对教育的影响

As is vividly shown in the cartoon, in front of the blackboard stands a student, going to need tech support to answer teacher's question, with a cellphone in his hand.

4、2015.12 误导人的网络信息所带来的伤害

As is shown in the cartoon, in front of the desk sits a student, feeling unfortunate to live in a world with So much misleading information.

（三）图表描述

好多年没考过了，放到最后。

1、如表所示……

As is indicated in the chart, ...

2、图表清楚地说明了关....的数据。

The line/bar/pie/table chart clearly illustrated the statistic of ...

3、从图表中可以看出，……发生了巨大的变化。

As can be seen from the diagram, great changes have taken place in ...

4、图表比较了A和B的数量。

The chart compares the number of A with that of B. / The chart compares numbers A with those of B.

5、表中显示了……的数量从......到.....这一阶段的变化。

The table shows the changes in the number of ... over the period from ... to ...

数据描述

动态：the number of主题+变化+程度+范围

静态：the percentage of 主题 accounts for x%.

演练

1、2006.06 出境旅游人口上升

As can be seen from the diagram, great changes have taken place in the number of Chinese who travel abroad.

PAST PERFECT: What it did is it allows us to show or talk about two or more things that happened in the past and we want to show which of those things happened first in the past. So, whatever happened first, we express in the past perfect tense. The other part of the sentence, if you have it, can be just in the past simple tense. But when we want to show what happened first, we use the past perfect tense.

As is indicated in the chart, the number of people in City X travelling abroad increased significantly from 10 thousand in 1995 to 130 thousand in 2005.

（四）图画/表总结

1、但这就是作者想告诉我们的吗？显然不是。

But is this what/all the author tries to tell us? Certainly not.

2、这幅图画虽然简单，但却寓意深远。

Simple as the picture is, the meaning is as deep as the ocean.( = as adj. as n. eg: as cold as ice.)

3、这张图片虽然简单，但它传达的意义是发人深省的。

Simple as it is, what the picture conveys to us is thought-provoking.

4、尽管这些数字看起来是孤立的，但它们之间却是紧密相连的。

Isolated as the figures seem to be, they are connected to one another closely.

5、作者的真实目的不是图画本身,而是要引导我们去探求图画背后究竟隐藏着什么。

The author's real purpose is not the fact itself, but to lead us to find what hides behind the iceberg.

演练

1、2014. 12 现代科技对教育的影响

① 正如图片所生动地展示，在黑板前站着一位学生，手中握着手机准备求助技术支持去回答老师的问题。②这幅图画虽然简单，但却寓意深远。

①As is vividly shown in the cartoon, in front of the blackboard stands a student, going to need tech support to answer teacher's question, with a cellphone in his hand. ②Simple as the picture is, the meaning is as deep as the ocean.

2、2006.06出境旅游人口上升

①如表所示，出国旅游人的数量从1995年的1万人显著上升到2005年的13万人。②尽管这些数字看起来是孤立的,但它们之间却是紧密相连的。

①As is indicated in the chart, the number of people in City X travelling abroad increased significantly from 10 thousand in 1995 to 130 thousand in 2005. ②Isolated as the figures seem to be, they are connected to one another closely.

（五）引出谚语

1、众所周知……

It is (a truth) universally acknowledged that ...

2、正如一句古老的谚语说的那样，……

Just as an old proverb says, ...

3、“……”是句老生常谈，但我完全赞同。

"..." is a cliché, but I totally agree with it.

4、人们常说，“……”。讽刺的是，说起来容易做起来难。

People often say, ..... Ironically, it is easier said than done.

5、当听到“……”这句话时，我们很容易理解其寓意。

When hearing the remark "...", we can easily understand its implied meaning.

演练

1、2014. 06 以貌取人是不明智的

人们常常说，不要以貌取人。讽刺的是，说的容易做的难。

People often say, “never judge a person by appearance". Ironically, it is easier said than done.

2、2017.12 相互尊重、相互理解、相互帮助

人们普遍认为，相互尊重/相互理解/相互帮助不仅必须而且必不可少。

It is generally believed that mutual respect/understanding/help is not only necessary but indispensable as well.

（六）谚语解释

1、该谚语反映了……

This proverb retlects ...

2、我赞同……应该具有优先权。

I agree that priority should be given to ...

3、这句谚语表明了……的确切含义。

The proverb indicates the exact meaning of ...

4、这句话展现了A对B的影响。

The saying shows the impact of A on B.

5、这条评论暗示了A和B之间的关系。

The comment implies the relationship between A and B.

演练

1、2017.12 相互尊重、相互理解、相互帮助

我赞同相互尊重/相互理解/相互帮助应该具有优先权。

I agree that priority should be given to mutual respect/understanding/help.

2、2015.06 Albert Einstein's remark "I have no special talents, but I only passionately curious."

这句话展现了好奇心对成功的职业生涯的影响。

This saying shows the impact of curiosity on successful career.

中间段

（七）交代主旨

第二段第一句交代主旨句可以省略。

1、显然，这句话可以与……联系起来。

Evidently, this remark/saying can be related to ...

2、这幅画旨在告诉我们……

The picture intends to inform us that ...

3、显然，我们可以很自然地把这幅画……联系起来。

Apparently, the picture can be naturally associated with ...

4、在当代社会，……的快速发展已经成为了一种趋势。

In contemporary society(Contemporarily), it has become a trend for ... to develop speedily.

5、毫无疑问，这个话题是为了告诉我们，应该给……适当的关注。

Undoubtedly(Without a doubt), the purpose of this topic is to show us that due attention should be paid to ...

演练

1、2015. 06 爱因斯坦的名言 “I have no special talents, but I am only passionately curious."

显然，这句话可以与好奇心和成功的关系联系起来。

Evidently, this remark can be related to the relationship between curiosity and success.

2、2014. 12 图画作文：雇主看重求职者的品质

毫无疑问，这个话题是为了告诉我们，应该适当关注素质和学位对求职者的影响。

Undoubtedly, the purpose of this topic is to show us that due attention should be paid to the effect of quality and degree on job applicants.

（八）举例论证

1、可以给出的例子很多， 但这个就足够了。

Numerous ilustrations can be given, but this will suffice.

2、人类历史中充满了各种各样关于这个主题的例子，接下来要说的这个是最重要的。

Our human history has been filled with a wide variety of examples on this topic, with the following one being the foremost.

3、在所有与这个主题相关的感人事实中，最令人印象深刻的是……

Among all the touching facts relating to this topic, the most impressive one is ...

touching adj. 感人的

4、最近项关于大学生的调查报告显示……

A recent report on a survey among college students states that ...

5、根据某国家权威部门最近做的一项调查……

According to one recent survey conducted by a certain national authority, ...

演练

1、2016.12 创新

在所有与创新相关的感人事实中，最令人印象深刻的是乔布斯。

Among all the touching facts relating to innovation, the most impressive one is Jobs.

2、2017.06 国内上大学还是出国读书

最近一项关于大学生的调查报告显示接近10%大学毕业生选择出国深造。

A recent report on a survey among college students states that almost 10% of graduate students choose to study abroad for further education.

（九）表示原因

1、许多因素可以解释这种现象，但以下这些可能是最关键的。

A number of factors can account for such a phenomenon, but the followings might be critical ones.

2、我认为下面这些是最好的理由。

I can think of no better reasons than the following ones.

3、一些显而易见的原因可以列举如下。

The reasons, which are obvious to all, can be listed as follows.

4、你可能想知道，为什么会出现这种现象?

Why, you may wonder, does this phenomenon emerge?

5、究竟是什么导致了这种现象？这是一个发人深省的问题。

What exactly contributes to such a phenomenon? It is a thought-provoking question.

6、缺乏对……应有的注意力导致……

A lack of due attention paid to ... leads to ...

7、是……使得这种惊人的趋势应运而生。

It is ... that makes this surprising/disturbing trend come into being.

8、关于……的政策或法规的执行可能不太有效果或低效。

The enforcement of policies or regulations about ... might be ineffective or inefficient(effective and efficient).

演练

1、2015.12 误导人的网络信息

①你可能想知道，为什么会出现这种现象？②关于网络信息的管控的相关政策执行可能不太有效果或低效。

①Why, you may wonder, does this phenomenon emerge? ②The enforcement of policies about controlling internet information might be ineffective or inefficient.

2、2014.12 雇主只看求职者文凭

①究竟是什么导致了这种现象？这是一个发人深省的问题。②缺乏对应聘者能力的应有的注意力导致对好的雇员的错误判断。

①What exactly contributes to such a phenomenon? It's a thought-provoking question. ②A lack of due attention paid to applicants' ability leads to misjudgment of good employees.

（十）结果表示

1、因此，……可能会引发一系列严重问题。

Consequently, ... might give rise to a host of serious problems.

2、事实上，许多人已经意识到了……

As a matter of fact, a large number of people(people in expanding numbers) have come to realize ...

3、因此，……的问题变得越来越严重。

As a consequence, the problem of ... becomes increasingly serious.

4、对于……，似乎有不止一种的直接或间接的影响，我们无法忽视。

There seems to be more than one direct or indirect effects on ..., which none of us can fail to notice.

5、如果我们对此视而不见，上述问题肯定会产生严重后果。

The problem mentioned above is bound to generate severe consequences if we keep turning a blind eye to it.

演练

1、2014.12 雇主应该看中求职者什么品质

事实上，大量的成功企业家意识到因对求职者做出误判而产生的消极影响。

As a matter of fact, successful businessmen in large numbers have come to realize the negative effect caused by misjudgment of applicants.

2、2018.06 建立医患之间的信任

结果是，医患之间的冲突变得越来越严重。

As a consequence, the conflict between doctors and patients becomes increasingly serious.

（十一）引出争议

1、事实上，人们对……的问题没有达成共识。

In fact, there is no consensus of opinions among people over the issue of ...

2、考虑……的问题，人们的观点各不相同。

Considering the issue of ..., people's view varies from one to another.

3、是否要……长期以来存在争议。

Whether ... has aroused a long-running debate.

4、当谈到……时，人们的观点因人而异。

When it comes to ..., views vary from person to person.

5、任何事都有两面性，这个问题也不例外。

Every coin has two sides, and this issue is no exception.

演练

1、2017.06 在国内上大学还是国外读大学？

是否要出国深造，长久以来存在争议。

Whether to attend college at home or abroad has aroused a long-running debate.

2、2014.12 现代科技对教育的影响

当谈到科技对教育的影响的时候，人们的观点因人而异。

When it comes to the impact of modern technology on education, views vary from person to person.

（十二）各方观点

1、有些人声……，但是其他人反对这个看法……

Some people claim that .... However, others oppose something/doing something.

2、与传统观念认为的……不同，现在越来越多的人认为……

Contrary to the traditional concept that .... Now，an increasing number of people believe that ...

3、当面对……时，有不少人声称……，但其他人认为……

When faced with ..., quite a few people claim that ..., but other people hold the view that ...

4、正如盛行观念所表明的，……。然而，少数人持有完全不同的观点，他们认为……

As is indicated in the popular wisdom, .... Nevertheless, a minority of people adopt a completely different view, arguing that ...

5、一方面，有些人认为……，另一方面，大多数人认为……

On the one hand, some people argue that ... . On the other hand, a majority of people maintain that ...

演练

1、2017.06 在国内读书还是国外读书？

当面对深造选择时，有不少人声称国外的教育可以给自己的简历更美化，但其他人认为国内读书才可以帮助我们找到更好的工作。

When faced with options upon further education, quite a few people claim that studying abroad could better one's resume, but other people think that domestic education helps us (to) find better jobs.

2、2014.12 现代科技对教育的影响

一方面，有些人认为网课只是浪费时间和金钱。另一方面，大多数人认为在互联网在一定程度上提高了学习效率。

On the one hand, some people argue that online course is nothing but a waste of time and money. On the other hand, a majority of people maintain that the internet has enhanced study efficiency to some extent.

（十三）利弊论述

1、……将对一个人的发展产生积极/消极的影响。

... will exert a positive/negative influence on one's development.

2、……的优点远远超过其缺点。

The advantages of ... far outweigh the disadvantages.

3、……将大大提高/降低我们的工作效率。

... will enhance/decrease our work efficiency greatly.

4、……的优势远多于我们能从……中获得的好处。

The advantages of ... outweigh the benefit that we can gain from ... .

演练

1、2017.06 国内的研究生教育对一个人的职业发展产生积极的影响。

Further education at home will exert a positive influence on one's career.

2、2012.06 面对面交流的优点大于电子信息交流。

The advantages of face-to-face contact outweigh the benefit that we can gain from electronic communication.

结尾段

（十四）归纳总结

1、根据所有提供的证据，我们可以得出这个结论，即……

Judging from all the evidence offered, we can come to a conclusion that ...

2、毫无疑问，我们必须进一步关注……的问题。

There is little doubt that further attention must be paid to the problem of ...

3、考虑到这一现象的各个方面我们可以同意这个观点，即……。

Considering all aspects of this phenomenon, we can agree with the idea that ...

4、考虑到所有这些因素，我们可以合理得出这个结论，即……。

Taking into account all these factors, we may reasonably come to a conclusion that ...

5、情况如此严重，我们是时候采取有效行动来解决问题了。

The situation being so serious, it is high time that we took effective actions to solve the problem.

演练

1、2007.06 做好事不应该图回报

通过以上讨论，我们完全可以得出这个结论，即一个人做好事不应该期待回报。

From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that one should not expect a reward when doing a good deed.

2、2013.06 人类对地球过度所求

情况如此严重，我们是时候采取有效行动来保护我们的大自然了。

The situation being So serious, it is Mgh time that we took effective actions to protect our nature.

（十五）建议措施

1、大众媒体应尽最大努力报道……

Mass media should make every effort to report ...

2、从根本上应该该制定和执行法律法规或政策，以....

It is essential that laws and regulations (or policies) should be worked out and enforced to ...

3、我们的社会应该对……负责。

Our society should take/shoulder the responsibility to/for ...

4、我认为每个人都有义务采取行动.....

I believe it is every individual's duty to take actions to ...

5、……而言，我们应该做的是取其精华、弃其糟粕。

In terms of ..., what we should do is to absorb the essence and neglect the drawbacks.

演练

1、2012.12 网络对人际交往的影响

就网络所带来的便利性而言，我们应该做的是取其精华、弃其糟粕。

In terms of convenience brought by the internet, what we should do is to absorb the essence and neglect the drawbacks.

2、2018. 12 如何平衡学业与课外活动

我们的社会应该对肩负起责任去促进大学生的全面发展。

Our society should take the responsibility to enhance the comprehensive development of college students.

（十六）憧憬未来

1、如果我们从现在开始致力.....，在不远的将来，我们将不会被同样的困境所压倒。

If we work on from now on, in the near future, we will not be overwhelmed by the same dilemma.

2、通过这些方法，我们有理由相信，毫无疑问，这个问题，在不久的将来，就会解决。

With these measures taken, it is reasonable for us to believe that the problem, undoubtedly, will be solved in the near future.

3、伴随着一个恰当的法律和警觉的民众,这个问题迟早可以被解决。

With a proper law and alert public, it will only be a matter of time before the problems become things of the past.

应用文近十年没有考过了。